End Test Now
Embryonic stem cells are derived from
Fertilized embryo
sperm
unfertilized embryo
kidney
Members of the antibody protein family that have common structural features are collectively known as
haptens
allergens
antigens
immunoglobulins
Apoptosis is characterized by
Necrosis
Membrane leaky syndrome
Programmed cell death
Cell cycle arrest process
Yeast artificial chromosomes (YAC’s) are used for cloning
Large segments of DNA
mRNA
Bacterial DNA
Yeast DNA
The product commercially produced by animal cell culture is
insulin
tissue plasminogen activator
interferon
hepatitis B vaccine
An alternative to glycolysis pathway is
glyoxylate pathway
pentose phosphate pathway
citric acid cycle
gluconeogenesis
A cell in G1 of interphase has 12 chromosomes. How many chromatids will be found per cell during metaphase II of meiosis?
6
12
8
24
Diploid Drosophila has eight chromosomes. Which one of the following terms should NOT be used to describe Drosophila with sixteen numbers of chromosomes?
Polyploid
Aneuploid
Euploid
Tetraploid
Hydrated synthetic seeds which are produced by ion exchange reaction involve mixing the somatic embryos in a solution of
Sodium alginate and dropping it in a solution of calcium nitrate
Calcium alginate and dropping it in a solution of sodium nitrate
Calcium alginate and dropping it in a solution of ammonium nitrate
mannitol and dropping it in a solution of sodium nitrate
Shoot organogenesis by tissue culture results into
a bipolar structure that has no vascular connection with the explant
a monopolar structure that has a strong connection with the pre-existing vascular tissue of the explant
a monopolar structure that has no vascular connection with the explant
a bipolar structure that has a strong connection with the pre-existing vascular tissue of the explant
‘Hairy roots’ induced in vitro by the infection of Agrobacterium rhizogenes, are characterized byP. a high degree of lateral branchingQ. genetic instability of cultureR. an absence of geotropismS. poor biomass production
P and R only
P and Q only
Q and R only
Rand S only
In balanced growth phase of a cellP. all components of a cell grow at the same rateQ. specific growth determined by cell number or cell mass would be the sameR. the growth rate is independent of substrate concentrationS. the growth rate decreases with decreasing substrate concentration
P, Q and S only
P, Q and R only
Q, Rand S only
P only
In N-linked glycosylation, the oligosaccharide chain is attached to protein by
asparagine
arginine
serine
threonine
Restriction endonucleases which recognize and cut same recognition sequences are known as
isoschizomers
isoaccepting endonucleases
isozymes
abzymes
Substrate consumption in lag phase of microbial growth is primarily used forP. turnover of the cell materialQ. maintenance of intracellular pHR. motilityS. increase in cell number
S only
Wash out (as defined by D=max) of a continuous stirred tank fermenter is characterized by (X=biomass, S=substrate concentration in bioreactor, So=substrate concentration in feed, P=product concentration in bioreactor)
X = 0, S = 0, P = 0
X = 0, S = So, P =0
X = 0, S < 0, P =0
X < 0, S < 0, P < 0
The study of evolutionary relationships is known as
genomics
proteomics
phylogenetics
genetics
The lipopolysaccharides present in bacterial cell wall has lipid A which is connected to
O-polysaccharide
core polysacchatide
both with O-polysaccharide and core polysaccharide
rhamnose-mannose disaccharide
Molecular chaperones are class of proteins that facilitate
the proper folding of newly synthesized proteins
unfolding of newly synthesized proteins
degradation of newly synthesized proteins
targeting of newly synthesized proteins
Gas vacuoles are present in
Anabaena fios-aquae
Bacillus subtilis
Acanthurus nigrofuscus
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
In ABO blood group system, antigenic determinants are
nucleic acid
carbohydrate
lipid
protein
The most widely used program for multiple sequence alignment is
BLAST
FASTA
CLUSTAL
Chime
Diphtheria toxin, tetracycline and streptomycin inhibit
DNA repair
DNA replication
transcription
translation
The polymorphic domains for Class II MHC proteins are
The protein in eukaryotes which is subjected to degradation undergoes
phosphorylation
carboxylation
ubiquitation
methylation
Match the viruses in Group I with their host cell receptors in Group II.
P-l, Q-3, R-2, S-4
P-3, Q-4, R-1, S-2
P-4, Q-3, R-2, S-l
P-2, Q-3, R-1, S-4
Match the microbial growth characteristics in Group I with the corresponding features in Group II.
P-l, Q-2, R-4, S-3
P-3, Q-2, R-l, S-4
P-2, Q-l , R-3, S-4
P-2, Q-3, R-4, S-l
Match the items in Group I with Group II.
P-4, Q-l, R-2, S-3
P-1, Q-4, R-3, S-2
P-3, Q-4, R-l, S-2
Match the products in Group I with their respective organisms in Group II.
P-2, Q-l, R-3, S-4
P-4, Q-2, R-l, S-3
P-3, Q-l, R-2, S-4
P-2, Q-l, R-4, S-3
Determine the correctness or otherwise of the following Assertion (a) and the Reason (r).Assertion: IgM is found in serum as a pentameric protein consisting of five IgM monomers.Reason: The pentameric form of IgM is due to cross-linking of IgM monomers via peptide bond.
both (a) and (r ) are true and® is the correct reason for (a)
both (a) and (r ) are true but® is not the correct reason for (a)
(a) is true but (r ) is false
(a) is false but (r ) is true
31 Determine the correctness or otherwise of the following Assertion (a) and the Reason (r).Assertion: N-methyl-N’ -nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NTG) is an effective chemical mutagen.Reason: Mutations induced by NTG mainly are the GC – AT transitions.
both (a) and (r ) are true and (r ) is the correct reason for (a)
both (a) and (r ) are true but (r ) is not the correct reason for (a)
Determine the correctness of the following statementsI. Enhancer sequences are those DNA sequences that are involved in increasing the rate of DNA replication.II. Enhancer sequences work by binding with eukaryotic gene activator factors.
only I is true
only II is true
both I and II are true
both I and II are false
In a well aerated and agitated microbial culture, the ‘supply’ of oxygen is equal to ‘demand’ (uptake) of the growing culture. The for such a system will be ( = volumetric mass transfer coefficient, C* = dissolved oxygen concentration in liquid in equilibrium with gaseous oxygen, C = instantaneous value of dissolved oxygen concentration, ‘r’ = specific oxygen uptake rate per unit weight of cells, X = dry weight of the cells per unit volume)
(r X) / (C*- C)
(r) / X (C*- C)
(C*- C) / (r X)
(X) / r (C*- C)
Structured William’s modelP. can describe the changes in intracellular components of the cell during growthQ. cannot describe the death phase of the cellsR. can describe the variation of size of cells in the different phases of growthS. cannot describe the lag period of growthWhich one of the following is CORRECT?
P, Rand S only
Match items in Group I with Group II.
P-1, Q-2, R-3 , S-4
P-2, Q-3, R-4, S-1
P-4, Q-3, R-2, S-1
P-3 , Q-4, R-1, S-2
P-3 , Q-4, R-1 , S-2
P-2, Q -1, R-4, S-3
P-l , Q-2, R-3 , S-4
Determine the correctness or otherwise of the following Assertion (a) and the Reason (r)Assertion: The elucidation of ribosome structure helps in the development of new generation drugs.Reason: The high resolution of macromolecular structure has enabled in structure-based drug design.
Determine the correctness or otherwise of the following Assertion (a) and the Reason (r)Assertion: A very low amount of inhibitor can act as an activator for allosteric enzymes.Reason: Allosteric enzymes follow Michaelis-Menten kinetics.
Match the terms in Group I with their associated functions in Group II.
P-2, Q-3, R-1 , S-4
P-3 , Q-2, R-4, S-l
Protein-protein interactions are studied byP. DNA foot printingQ. Yeast two hybrid systemR. Ligase chain reactionS. Mass spectrometry
P and S only
Q and S only
Determine the correctness or otherwise of the following Assertion (a) and the Reason (r )Assertion: Isopropylthiogalactoside (IPTG) is a gratuitous inducer of lactose operon.Reason: Gratuitous inducers are chemical analogs which behave like natural inducer but they do not serve as substrate for the enzymes that are subsequently synthesized.
Determine the correctness or otherwise of the following Assertion (a) and the Reason (r )Assertion: In synchronous culture, majority of the cells move to next phase of the cell cycle simultaneously.Reason: Synchronous culture could be obtained by starving cells for essential nutrient components.
Which of the following characteristics with respect to bacterial DNA polymerase III are TRUE?P. Initiation of chain synthesisQ. 5’- 3’ polymerizationR. 3’ – 5’ exonuclease activityS. 5’ – 3’ exonuclease activity
Maximum specific growth rate ( max) of a microorganism is calculated by taking the (In=loge, X=biomass, t = time)
slope of In X vs t of the growth cycle
slope of In X vs t during the exponential growth phase
slope of X vs t
slope of X vs t during the exponential phase of growth
Identify the CORRECT statementsP. 5’ and 3’ ends of the transcripts can be mapped by utilizing polymerase chain reactionQ. S1 nuclease can cleave the DNA strand of a DNA-RNA hybridR. T4 polynucleotide kinase is used for labeling 3’ end of DNAS. Baculovirus (Autographa californica) can be used as an insect expression vector
Value of the determinant mentioned below is
- 30
- 24
- 10
HAT (hypoxanthine, aminopterin and thymidine) is used for selecting the hybridomas based on the followingI. Only hybridoma will grow since it inherited the HGPRT genes from B-cells and can synthesize DNA from hypoxanthine.II. Myeloma cells will not grow in cultures since de novo synthesis is blocked by aminopterin and due to the lack of HGPRT enzyme.
I is true and II is false
Common Data for next two Questions:Red-green colour blindness is inherited as a recessive X-linked trait.What will be the probability of having the colour-blind son to a woman with phenotypically normal parents and a colour-blind brother, and married to a normal man? (Assume that she has no previous children)
100 %
50 %
25 %
12.5 %
What will be the probability of having the colour-blind daughter to a phenotypically normal woman, who already had one colour-blind son, and is married to a colour-blind man?
75 %
15%
Common Data for next two Questions:A microorganism grows in a continuous ‘chemostat’ culture of 60 m3 working volume with sucrose as the growth limiting nutrient at dilution rate, D = 0.55 h-1. The steady state biomass concentration is 4.5 Kg dry biomass m-3 and the residual sucrose concentration is 2.0 Kg m-3. The sucrose concentration in the incoming feed medium is 10.0 Kg m-3.What would be the yield Y X/S (Kg biomass/Kg substrate)?
0.562
0.462
0.362
0.162
What would be the sucrose concentration in the input feed for the output to be 45 Kg biomass h-I?
Directions for next two questions statement for linked answer questions:The abdomen length (in millimeters) was measured in 15 male fruit flies, and the following data were obtained: .9,2.4,2.1,2.0,2.2,2.4,1.7,1.8,2.0,2.0,2.3,2.1,1.6,2.3 and 2.2.Valiance (Vx) for this population of fruit flies as calculated from the above data shall be
0.85
0.25
0.061
0.08
The value of standard deviation (SD) will be
0.61
Directions for next two questions statement for linked answer questions:A 200 III of polymerase chain reaction has 100 template DNA molecules and the reaction was performed for 10 cycles.How many molecules of amplicons will be generated?
1.024×104
1.024×105
2.048×104
2.048×105
How many molecules of amplicons will be present in 0.1 l of reaction?
102.4
1024
51.2
512
Which of the following options is the ~ in the meaning to the word below:Inexplicable
Incomprehensible
Indelible
Inextricable
Infallible
Choose the word from the options given below that is most nearly opposite in meaning to the given word:Amalgamate
merge
split
collect
separate
Choose the most appropriate word from the options gIven below to complete the following sentence. If you are trying to make a strong impression on your audience, you cannot do so by being understated, tentative or _____
Hyperbolic
Restrained
Argumentative
Indifferent
Choose the most appropriate word(s) from the options given below to complete the following sentence.I contemplated _____ Singapore for my vacation but decided against it.
to visit
having to visit
visiting
for a visit
If Log (P) = (1/2)Log (Q) = (1/3) Log (R ), then which of the following options is TRUE?
Few school curricula include a unit on how to deal with bereavement and grief, and yet all students at some point in their lives suffer from losses through death and parting.Based on the above passage which topic would not be included in a unit on bereavement?
how to write a letter of condolence
what emotional stages are passed through in the healing process
what the leading causes of death are
how to give support to a grieving friend
A container originally contains 10 litres of pure spirit. From this container 1 litre of spirit is replaced with 1 litre of water. Subsequently, 1 litre of the mixture is again replaced with 1 litre of water and this process is repeated one more time. How much spirit is now left in the container?
7.58 litres
7.84 litres
7 litres
7.29 litres
A transporter receives the same number of orders each day. Currently, he has some pending orders (backlog) to be shipped. If he uses 7 trucks, then at the end of the 4th day he can clear all the orders. Alternatively, if he uses only 3 trucks, then all the orders are cleared at the end of the 10th day. What is the minimum number of trucks required so that there will be no pending order at the end of the 5th day?
4
5
7
The variable cost (V) of manufacturing a product varies according to the equation V= 4q, where q is the quantity produced. The fixed cost (F) of production of same product reduces with q according to them equation F = 100/q. How many units should be produced to minimize the total cost (V+F)?
P, Q, Rand S are four types of dangerous microbes recently found in a human habitat. The area of each circle with its diameter printed in brackets represents the growth of a single microbe surviving human immunity system within 24 hours of entering the body. The danger to human beings varies proportionately with the toxicity, potency and growth attributed to a microbe shown in the figure below:
P
Q
R
S
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